washback

常见例句

Language testing unavoidably has potential effects or washback, either positive or negative, upon instruction and learning.
摘要语言测试对课堂教学和学习总是存在不同程度的积极或消极的影响，即反拨作用。
Washback Effect of Language Testing
语言测试的反拨作用研究
A review of the washback effect research in language testing
语言测试反拨效应研究概述
Washback Effect of CET on College English Teaching and Learning
论四、六级测试对大学英语教学的反拨作用
The theory of language testing and its washback on FL instruction
语言测试理论及其对外语教学的影响
A Comparative Study on the Washback Effect of CET-SET
大学英语口语考试反拨效应的对比研究